Gene Expression Profiles of Uterine Normal Myometrium and Leiomyoma and Their Estrogen Responsiveness In Vitro

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas are common benign smooth muscle tumors among the reproductive aged-women. The research has been aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes between normal myometrium and leiomyoma and to investigate the effects of E2 on their expression. METHODS: Gene microarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes between normal myomerium and leiomyoma. The data was confirmed at protein level by tissue microarray. RESULTS: Gene microarray analysis revealed 792 upregulated genes in leiomyoma. Four genes (tropomyosin 4 [TPM4], collagen, type IV, alpha 2 [COL4alpha2], insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 [IGFBP5], tripartite motif-containing 28 [TRIM28]) showed the most dramatic upregulation in all leiomyoma samples. Tissue microarray analyses of 262 sample pairs showed significantly elevated expression of TPM4, IGFBP5, estrogen receptor-alpha, and progesterone receptor (PR) protein in leiomyoma from the patients in their forties, COL4alpha2 in the forties and fifties age-groups, and TRIM28 in the thirties age-group. PR, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and IGFBP5 were induced by E2 in in vitro culture of tissue explants from which cells migrated throughout the plate. Among these, PR, IGF-1, IGFBP5 genes showed higher expression in tissue compared to cells-derived from tissue in leiomyoma and IGF-1R in leiomyoma cell. CONCLUSIONS: This observation implies the importance of the whole tissue context including the cells-derived from tissue in the research for the understanding of molecular mechanism of leiomyoma. Here, we report higher expression of TRIM28 in leiomyoma for the first time and identify E2-responsive genes that may have important roles in leiomyoma development.

The Evaluation of Olfactory Function in Patients with Septal and Turbinate Surgery / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Septoplasty with turbinate reductive surgery is a frequently performed operation for the treatment of nasal obstruction. However, the effect of septoplasty on olfactory function has not been systematically evaluated. The purpose of this study is to investigate changes of olfactory function following septoplasty with turbinate reductive surgery and to evaluate correlations between the change of minimal cross sectional area (MCA) of nasal cavity and nasal volume and olfactory function after nasal surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Olfactory threshold and identification test of 25 patients with nasal septal deviation and compensated hypertrophy of inferior turbinate were taken pre- and postoperatively. Nasal volume and MCA were measured using acoustic rhinometry before and after the nasal surgery. RESULTS: Septoplasty with turbinate reductive surgery increased the volume and MCA of the nasal cavity and scores of the olfactory identification test were increased after the septal surgery (p<0.05). However, some patients have decreased scores in the olfactory function test after surgery. There were no correlation between the changes of olfactory threshold and acoustic rhinometric parameters of nasal cavity. CONCLUSION: Septoplasty with turbinate reductive surgery has some beneficial effect on olfactory function. However, there are no correlation between changes of olfactory function and changes of parameters in acoustic rhinometry. Preoperative olfactory test is advisable and informed consent for postoperative change of olfaction is necessary in assessing patients for nasal surgery.

The Effect of Topical Steroid Nasal Instillation in Induced Anosmic Mice / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal Mometasone furoate instillation into the nasal cavity of mice which had peripherally induced anosmia. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Three groups of mice were studied: normal control group (nasal instillation of normal saline, n=6), Mometasone furoate non-instillation group (no treatment after nasal instillation of zinc sulfate, n=12), and Mometasone furoate instillation group (daily mometasone furoate instillation after nasal instillation of zinc sulfate, n=12). Tissues of olfactory mucosa were obtained on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after the instillation of zinc sulfate, and processed for immunohistochemistry using antisera to olfactory marker protein (OMP) for evaluation of olfactory regeneration. RESULTS: No OMP-positive cells were observed in the first week after the instillation of zinc sulfate in both groups. However, OMP-positive cells began appearing in the second week in both groups and gradually increased as time goes by. In the Mometasone furoate instillation group, the increase of OMP-positive cells was significantly greater than that of Mometasone furoate non-instillation group. CONCLUSION: Mometasone furoate instillation enhances regeneration of olfactory receptor cells after injury. Mometasone furoate instillation can be suggested as an effective treatment modality for olfactory dysfunction.

Effect of Roxithromycin and Intranasal Fluticasone Spray in Reducing Symptoms of Chronic Sinusitis, Polyp Size and IL-4 in Allergic Patients

Nasal polyp is an intractable condition usually associated with chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with allergic rhinitis. IL-4 is known to contribute to the inflammatory reaction by enhancing binding of inflammatory cells in the nasal polyp. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of roxithromycin (300 mg daily) and intranasal fluticasone spray (200 microgram daily ) in reducing symptoms of chronic sinusitis and polyp size and to compare pre - and post-treatment secretion of IL-4. Twenty-four patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp and allergic rhinitis were selected and allocated into 3 groups ; roxythromycin, fluticasone propionate and combined use group. Statistically significant decrease in symptoms was observed in both the roxythromycin and fluticasone propionate groups. Significant improvement of rhinorrhea and postnasal drip was observed in the combined use group. The polyp size decreased significantly in all three groups. IL-4 secretion decreased significantly in the combined use group after treatment. Long term medication of roxithromycin and intranasal fluticasone spray were effective in reducing symptoms and polyp size in chronic sinusitis with allergic rhinitis. They were also effective in reducing IL-4.

Effects of Preincisional Infiltration with Bupivacaine and Oral Dextromethorphan on Postoperative Pain in Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is one of the most painful surgical procedures in otolaryngology. Repetitive nociceptive impulses from injured peripheral tissues and activation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors induce central sensitization and post-injury pain hypersensitivity states. We aimed this study to evaluate whether bupivacaine for preincisional block of nociceptive afferent inputs and dextromethorphan, a clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist could reduce postoperative pain after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty patients scheduled for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were randomly assigned to one of the three groups : control, bupivacaine, and bupivacaine- dextromethorphan groups. The second and third group had 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine hydrochloride infiltrated around tonsils and soft palate before incision. The third group was given oral doses of dextromethorphan before and after surgery. Pain was assessed using numeric rating scale at rest and on swallowing on postoperative day 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5. Daily consumption of supplementary diclofenac sodium was also recorded. RESULTS: Resting pain scores were significantly lower in the groups treated with bupivacaine infiltration with or without dextromethorphan on postoperative days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5. Swallowing pain scores were significantly lower in the bupivacaine-dextromethorphan group on days 0, 1, and 2. CONCLUSION: Preincisional infiltration with bupivacaine and oral dextromethorphan could decrease the intensity of postoperative pain following uvulupalatopharyngoplasty.

Effect of Interleukin-2 on the Surgically Induced Enndometriosis in Rat / 대한면역학회지

It has been shown that wornen with endometriosis have several immunological defects. The effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for the treatment of induced endometriosis in rat was studied. The results obtained are as followings: proliferation of epithelium is increased, and the inner surface is undulated with 1.5 nM IL-2. In 7.5 nM IL-2, the epithelial cells are changed to columar ones, and secretory hobs are observed at the apex of individual cell. Secretory activity of epithelium is increased with 0.5 nM IL-2, and apoptosis of the epithelial cell is observed in 15 nM IL-2. The levels of progesterone and estradiol in sera of rat were increased after treatment with IL-2 and were highest in the concentration of 1.5 nM IL-2. The results of this study can be a guide in the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of endometriosis.

Cultivation of the Isolated Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells and the Effect of Interleukin - 2 on Its Proliferation / 대한면역학회지

At the time in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, patients with unsuitable endometrium recovered by hormone. However, the overtreatment of hormone causes indispositionly the uterus internal secretion and finally induces endometriosis. Therefore, this study was done to inverstigate the effects of interleukin-2, which was known to differentiator and proliferator of T cells, on proliferation of the endometrial stromal cells in vitro. We have exammined the effects of interleukin-2, on the proliferation of bovine endometrial stromal cells in vitro, assessed by ['H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay methods. Results indicate that we isolated endometrial stromal cells from bovine uterus and established in vitro culture system. And interleukin-2 showed distint stimulatory effect on proliferation of the established stromal cells. These stimulative effects were not affected by estrogen and progesterone indirectly. In conclusion, these data imply that interleukin-2 may proliferate bovine endometrial stromal, cells, and it provides clue for understanding of direct actions of cytokines on the endometriat cells.